Online Presence week 6 ( Reading - Convergence )

C.o.n.v.e.r.g.e.n.c.e 

=

Computer + Online + Network + Video + Email + Radio + Game + Education + News + Connect + Encyclopedia!! 

= Media Convergence

by convergence - a flow of content across multiple platform, the cooperation multimedia industries, and the migratory behavior of media audience will go almost everywhere search the kind of entertainment they want. - Henry Jenkins.   

Media convergence is a combination with multiple platform, the cooperation within the multimedia company. The media audience get the information from almost everywhere, and combine as once. Meanwhile, the information is very board, as everyone can get what they want to know from internet, while we can share it as we want.  

Henry also states that Convergence manage to describe technological, industrial, cultural and social change, it's all depending on who's speaking and what they think and they are talking about.'' Technologies change due to the changing of the our surrounding, everyone have different perception toward certain things, perspective is different from each one, we might read the same context, but we have different interpret for the context, we have different point of view , due to the culture change. I might agree, someone else might disagree it. He also state that "culture shift as consumer encouraged to seek out new information and make connections among media content."   

This video can give us an idea of Media convergence today. We might not realized in our life, but yet it's happened now. The technology today, we can use multiple platform from 1 device.  

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ILQrUrEWe8&feature=player_embedded#!

In additional :
Prosumer = user + producer + consumer + participant collobration

in the technology we are not just an computer user, we can be a producer to post our artwork through online, it could be upload to youtube, share on facebook and so on.
If you post something online?upload photo?blogger?people who share things out? Yes, you are PROSUMER!!

In year 2000, we deal with the new media <Internet>, by using internet we can do everything online.. we can read online News and so on. will the new media replace old media? 

http://stijnjacobs.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/evolution-of-media-1980s-vs-2009-and-the-impact-on-the-company/

Today, From the technology transfer from analogue to digital data, it moving environment 100% digital, somehow old media will never die, it just the change of platform. There are still a need for old media, especially for who doesn't online. 

for example : 

Newspaper -> Online news -> Mobile news

black discs -> cassette -> CD -> VCD -> DVD -> MP3 -> USB

Here a video between the conversation between old media(Newspaper) and new media (computer),
it's hard to say which is good which is bad, both have it's own pros and cons
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRlKol4Usxw&feature=related

For newspaper, newspaper can recycle it, the content newspaper are more credible cause it's written by profession journalist. whereas newspaper cannot get the latest news as internet do.

While for online news, it's slightly efficiency, the reporter can post it online right after the incident happened. Because of too much of news, people have option to choose what they interested, what they want to read. 

For me i will read the traditional news rather than online news, there is a thing. I can read the newspapers at once, mostly i will pick the front page and also the entertainment section. while when I finish reading these two, I started to look at the rest of the newspaper, and I found out it's interesting actually. As conclude, in the poor condition, it does successful to grad my attention to read the newspaper, but the internet are too much of interruption, we might open a few web browser for surfing, we might facebooking,while blogging. It's hardly to get my attention to read an article . 

Now, we can combine all the media platform in one device
.information distributions from different resources 

 Blogger = Producer + Consumer  

The blogger in term of combination of producer and consumer, the user defined as a consumer, this is because we used the the blog tool as our online dairy, so we are the blogger consumers. While using the blog, we are the one write the blog,  we are the one posting, so we are also a the producer for the blog.

I still remember when i was a child, there is a thing, which can ring can talk to without seeing each other face by using the sound, it's a "phone" ..
when i got in to primary school, there is a thing, which can carries everywhere, there are no color just black and white, but it's can call and sms to peoples , it's a "handphone"..
when i got in to secondary school, there is a thing, which kind of small, other than call and texting, it have colour and it have a camera function, it's a "mobile phone"..
when i got in to college, there is a thing, it's upgraded, it's even more function, without keypad, touch screen replace keypad, it's a "smart phone"..

For the children today, there is a "toy" .. there are a brand of angry bird against the green pigss- apple game... there are a  phone to connect people- by using viber,what apps.. there are a way to share the recording/photo to people..  

- This is a true story from my cousin, she is only 9 years old, she know how to function Ipad well than me..

In conclusion, the media convergence it's convenience to the people, but yet it form a lazyness for people as well. don't you think so? we are too reliance to the technology, can you come across you forgot to bring you phone out? how if the PC shut down for a few month? I bet you will lost on track for the moment.
haha...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Readings:
Deuze, M. (2007) Convergence culture in the creative industries, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 10/2, 243-263. [available through library database]
Jenkins, H. (2004) The Cultural Logic of Media Convergence, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 7/1, 33-43. [available through library database]
Jenkins, H. (2006). 'Worship at the altar of convergence: A new paradigm for understanding media change'. In H. Jenkins, Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide (pp 1-24). New York: New York University Press. [URL: http://www.nyupress.org/webchapters/0814742815intro.pdf]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRlKol4Usxw&feature=related

Online Presence week 5 ( Reading -intellectual property )

Copy Right©

Copyright is to protect the "Original work" from the worker. It's to protect Literary work, musical work, artist work, films, sound and broadcast. The copy right use to protect the author/creator avoid the creative work been copied without permission. It's allow creator to charge other for copying the "Creative work" from creator. Modify and edit it's also not allowed, as the copyright allow the author "creative work" be protected by copyright law. Anything we write, say, record, and so on, Is automatically copyrighted as long as it's original work. Not necessary to register it with any authority. 

If a person copy people's creative work, the creator can actually sue the person without permission copy his/her work. 

sometime, we Like to copy and paste from website, but this behave might insult the creator. 

http://www.debate.org/debates/Intellectual-Property/1/

Additional Knowledge : 
Copy right in Malaysia governed by the copyright Act 1987
there are no registration, with the conditions :
- Original work
-the work has been written down, record and reduced to a material form
-The author is qualification person or work make in Malaysia
-The work published in Malaysia


Literary, Musical or Artistic Works
 life of the author plus 50 years after his death. However, if a work has not been published during the lifetime of the author, copyright in the work continues to subsist until the expiration of 50 years, 
Sound Recordings
The copyright in sound recordings shall subsist until the expiry of a period of 50 years computed from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the recording was first published or, if the sound recording has not been published, from the beginning of the calendar year following the year of fixation.
Broadcasts
continue to subsist until the expiry of a period of fifty years computed from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the broadcasts was first made.Films
The duration of the copyright in films shall continue to subsist for a period of fifty years computed from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the film was first published or first made available to the public or made, whichever is the last.
Government Works Copyright in works of Government, Government organizations and international bodies shall continue to subsist until the expiry of a period of fifty years computed from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the work was first published.

Inform From:http://www.myipo.gov.my/en/copyright/general-information.html

TrademarkTMTrade mark®

Trademark law is to prevents market and product sell in the market, to avoid the peoples to sell a similar product , or using the same sign, phrase and word. Trademark used to protect the brand automatically.  The branded product which exciting in market for so long with the symbol "®", Somehow if i design a logo or make a new product, i can put the "TM" behind of it. It's reasonable  

http://bunkerlawgroup.com/

  Patents

A patent give the creator of an authority to control who are allowed to use it. If I create a new logo, and some like it and make a new one almost similar with mine, without asking my permission, i can sue them by violation my patent. 

Some time, we will get idea from other, as in we like to "Google it" , we found and we copying. We edit it and become our new invention, but we didn't realize that we are copying to people work are consider violation patent of the creator.

http://www.cuhkacs.org/~benng/Bo-Blog/index.php?go=category_38&mode=1

Patents in Malaysia

Sources from : http://www.patentarea.com/malaysia_patent_requirements.html 

A Malaysian Patent is effective for a term of: 20 years (from the filing date). 5 years for pharmaceutical products and agricultural chemicals (this period could be extended).

The Utility Models are effective for a term of 20 years

Approximate Patent Application processing time: 3 years.

Member of the Paris Convention: Yes

Member of the PCT: No

Ministry Of Domestic Trade And Consumer Affairs

  

1. Patent Filing
2. Substantive Examination
3. Acceptance (Notice of Allowance) or rejection.
4. Payment of the Issue Fees.
5. The patentee shall pay an annual fee beginning with the year in which the patent right was granted.

E-Link

Today, we don’t have to buy the heavy book, E-book have already existing In the market, It can also define “E-ink” , which Mr.Faizal mentioned in class, the different from Ebook and iPad was IPad will cause our eye tiring, whereas E-Ink much more comfortable for reader's eye.  example : Kindle, Nook and Sony readers.

nook
http://newtech.aurum3.com/tag/nook/

Kindle
http://michaelhyatt.com/kindle-firstimpressions.html

Sony reader
http://www.engadget.com/2009/08/04/sony-reader-
pocket-and-touch-editions-lower-cost-of-entry-onlin/

Ipad
 http://novinthen.com/blog/2011/08/top-ten-free-ipad-apps/

Additional Knowledge :  
Barnes and Noble B&N.com is a "The Internet's Largest Bookstore" , 

"In 2009, Barnes & Noble.com also became a leader in eBooks, offering over 1 million titles in its eBooks store and launching nook, the world's most advanced eBook reader, that features groundbreaking lending technology, a color touchscreen and lets readers download books in seconds." - (B&N.com)

Nook is now open download for IPhone, IPad, Microsoft PC, Mac, Android and Black berry. 
The smartphone and table PC Can purchase the E-book through online, the Apps have the copyright from the publisher. 
http://www.barnesandnoble.com/u/NOOK-Book-eBook-store/379003094
In conclusion, 

I personal think that these law is used to protect the creator "Creative work", it's important to the creator themselves, we don't like people to used thing without permission or without acknowledgement right？ If Nike there are not trademark nor copyright, the Nike product are everywhere, this will confusing the audiences which is real which is  fake?everyone can use Nike, but who going to pay to Nike? 

Plus, we are not aware that "download" from computer is illegal behavior, normally we will think that buy an album is so expensive, We buy a dish cost RM 40, we said it's expensive. why not we just download from computer, easy and it's free. we never think of how long to create a new album, it's not only the single, it's also involve the song writer, publisher, director and so and forth. How much it's need to pay? it's more than the cost we pay for the disk. Not only this, it's also quite bad for the creator, they spent so much time to prepare, nearly 100% perfect work. And We buy an pirated CD RM 10. it's quite an unfair to them. If there are no copyright protect, i think there will getting less and lesser talented people to sing, because there are no company willing to pay off without gain any profit. 

But from another way, the singer/actress/actor everywhere nowadays, everyone can be famous even if you are not a single, as simple as you can record you yourself in a video, and post it on youtube, if a song is popular, you will get the higher chance to become a single. There are few things you need to concern is the song must be original from you, not from any song already existing in the market. But it's very subjective by judge "original song",  there are no requirement to judge your song whether is 100% original. There might have 1 sentence same with another song, or the demo a bit sound like other people's song, it's this consider plagiarize or copy? How if the creator they never listen the song before? 

The song writer might spend a long time for create a new song, but we just spent a few second just to "download", does it fair to the creator? 

http://longquanzs.org/articledetail.php?id=16978

Readings:
Boldrin, M., and Levine, D.K. (2007). Introduction. In Against Intellectual Monopoly (pp. 1-15). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press [URL: http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/papers/anew01.pdf]
Lessig, L. (2004). Creators. In Free Culture: How Big Media uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Strangle Creativity (pp. 21-30). New York: Penguin [URL: http://www.authorama.com/free-culture-4.html]

Online Presence week 4 ( Reading - Economics in networked citizens )

Liquid Labor- 

from what i had learned in class, now we can do work in distress environment, it has another way to present in working, no longer work from working hour, the employees have the authority to choose the shift they want. Now the working place i s flexible, last time people must work in office, today people can work at house. 

Now, the ideal job is no longer work to peoples, most of the people will pick a job as the leisure personal, peoples are become more demanding, they are concerning about environment and the facilities in the working place rather than other. And, the young boss tend to make their office became a fantasy work, as long as it's doesn't look like a working place. Refer to pic 1.

what is this giant egg for??
There are from GOOGLE Engineering headquarters in Zurich.
Can't you like working here as well?? 
Resources from http://www.fashioncappuccino.com/2011/01/work-with-me.html 

Pic2 : Do you know what place is this? It's not an office,it's a:
_Microsoft Bus_

Economy

Business today is not about alone.
we can play at the same time at the same time while enjoy our work

 "Technology is only part of the answer to why it is that networks have remained in such sharp focus, and have occupied thinking around work and business. "

In this sentence referred to the advance of technology today, technology itself no longer work itself anymore, the growth of technology make our life more easier and also become important to our life, we can access to internet anytime and everywhere,as long there is a WIFI connection or Unif connection. we can access to internet to do anything as we want, we can go for social networking, surf information, now we can even make your own business through online. Since that everyone using the same tool to communicating , We need Network to communicate with World, know new knowledge and so on. Network become important to business nowadays. 

one question for every college student, do u spend your time one internet everyday? I'm sure the answer pretty obvious, I'm think the majority of the students will say, "I can't live without the internet." 

human being use technology applied for their business
now, people,technology and business was link together. 

Past few year we talking about e-business, Online banking, online shopping and so on.. 
From the improve for the social networking, people got a new idea for run their business. As we know Social networking is the communicating tool for us, it allow us to communicating with peoples around the world. we can know a new friend and also find our old friends over there, we get to know our friends latest update,we can get to see they photo. it's about sharing and informing among friends. Today, there are the new tool for run a business. 

For me, the social networking provide a good perform stage for the peoples interested to be an "entrepreneur" , some people they might have some special talent for doing something, its could be handmade beg or hand drawing shoes and so on; now they can make they interest as a small business, you can create a fan pages on facebook, making your own page without any payment. Facebook now is not only for the socializing, we can even run own little business over there, it's a good experience for the beginner who with the low budget.
  

There are a lot of social networking. one of the most popular and the most  users ,
__Facebook__

For instance, the marketer updated to online business. For those big company or institution , they own a page on facebook as well. They know the teenager or most of the people own a facebook account, the higher chance will look at their product. This also one of the advertising tool, for using Facebook, i think they can spend less for advertisement. For the business perspective, the company can keep a good relationship with the customer, throughout the page ,everyone have their right to voice out the opinion toward the product, it allow the user to open a discussion forum for dealing with the company or sharing with other user. 

I believe everyone can recognized this icon. yes, now we can see this icon almost every where,
in the bottom of the print ads, in the corner side of the flyer, did u hear that before in the radio ads or see in the TV ads? 

The best example- McDonald own a fan page in facebook as well.
Through facebook, they can always promoting the latest promotion, festival promotion.
sometime, they might provide the voucher and coupon for the McDonald's fans. 
This is really an interesting way to advertised.

Katerina Rudiger has argued in a report for the Work Foundation, "this shift to “intangibles” is underpinned by modern economic growth theory, which acknowledges the vital role thattechnological progress and knowledge play in generating long term growth."

Beside that, the company going to move on to new technology era, but there is another issues happened. The senior employees might not know how to function the high-technology, the used to the traditional method, the old employees got to learn new software and how to function the new technology. therefore a professional training is needed to teach them how to used it.

"There is some evidence that individuals are demanding work with a clearer purpose and meaning, and choosing employers with a higher moral standard. "

Now people are knowledgeable, no one like to work under peoples. As they know they are smart, they might behave certain personal attitudes. There are certain people work with very demanding, because they expect on certain area, for a good employee attitude is important. of course as a employer, if you want people to work with you, you must have a good manner with soft tone when speck to the employee. 


In conclusion, few years later they are more online purchase, as we know that now we can almost buy everything through online, in US they can even buy the groceries through online, especially during winter, to avoid the snow war and the breaking cold weather outside the room. how if everyone purchase everything online? what going to happen to road? no longer jam~ 

Bradwell, P., and Reeves, R. (2008) Economies. In Networked Citizens (pp. 25-31). London: Demos. [ URL:http://www.demos.co.uk/files/Network%20citizens%20-%20web.pdf ]

Online Presence week 3 ( Reading - Cyber space)

Cyberspace ??

In term of "Cyber" use to describe almost anything that has to do with networks and computer.. 

"Space" is refer to the unseen places, which we couldn't see,the connection among ppls.. 

it is used to describe the virtual world of computers. For example, an object in cyberspace refers to a block of data floating around a computer system or network. With the advent of the Internet, cyberspace now extends to the global network of computers. So, after sending an e-mail to your friend, you could say you sent the message to her through cyberspace. However, use this term sparingly, as it is a popular newbie term and is well overused.  

Sources from http://www.techterms.com/definition/cyberspace

Human + Internet = Cyberspace 
we can do everything through online.
E-business,E-shopping,E-learning and so on

cyberspace is unlimited and infinity, we cannot count how much was that, it's just big enough to join us together.  The growth of population cyberspace users keep increasing, it's because  Cyberspace users keep increasing every second around the world. The cyberspace members without any age range it's could be 4year old kid up to a 89 year old grandma. Once you are cyberspace users, we all are in one family. 

"we did not invite you, You do not know us, nor do you know our world"

What barlow's article trying say is that, everyone are using the cyberspace, everyone have they right to voice out, everyone can share their happiness or emotional through the cyberspace. They are no one forcing us must attend to this cyberspace, but it just because of we tend to adapt to the society... We can share everything through online as we want, the cyber space is open for everyone,welcoming to everyone. Who cares what you write? Unless you are some famous people or celebrity, or else who will care what you write about. In the cyberspace we have freedom to do whatever in online, we can share our true feeling, hidden feeling or some personal view, sometime we cannot say something infront of the peoples, but we can voice out in the cyberspace, we have our privacy to do so, whether people view it or not.

 ""We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth"

Today, there are so much things can do by just sitting in front of the computer. From now on we can just know the latest "news" from internet, we can know the "weather forecast", we can online shopping instead of going to shopping center, there are more and more can be done in the cyberspace. Everyone are welcome to join this cyberspace, you don't need to be some certain specific religion or race, there are no qualification to buy the entry fee or cyberspace, the only requirement are you must be a human being and you are require a computer with the internet connection. There are no time limit for visiting to cyberspace, as long as you have the connection, you can access to cyberspace anytime as you like, cyberspace is welcoming all of you to voice out your though on the cyber world without any restriction, without any rule and regulation. 

The pros and Cons for cyberspace are very subjective. It's depend on the cyberspace users.

In Conclusion, there are no good or bad in the cyberspace, it's depend on how the person use it. If misuse cyberspace will cause something bad happen. By the way, beside the misuse issues, cyberspace can be good, if a person have a proper time arrangement , if peoples good use of it, it's doesn't be an issues. Somehow, cyberspace help us a lot, in the sense of helping us communicated peoples around the world, we gain information and extra knowledge without going to school. 

Global media bussiness and imamteiral production
Focus : 
How business done? work enviroment
How worker perform?
compare to industry business
Creating Knowledge


Information production ..
How label different?
Liquid labour

3things
- Changes
- Effect
- Label different

Internet- network-progression of technology- physical space to cyberspace and so on.. 

breaking a boardes - portal.

2 Network time/space homogenization
-we do work, we are less conscious to time. the sense of time less obvious.
more homogenize
-personal computer- give power to ppl to do a lot of things. we can do the same things at home with own computer.
- Programing to industry .

From horizontal and  centralized organization
- Hireacy - from top to button.
- Horizontal structure - ppl form different department working together.
- Information can jump one place to another place with different ppl.


The message might get lost at the end.
feed back function
- decide

In the coordinator



Centralize -
decentralize - inform can go everywhere.

The knowldege worker
- economy came from services.
- process information

- Felxible
-Intangible

ROL investment
Capital : money

who have the best information. best software..
eg : google search engine


Maintanence - shut down server, problem!
Nver sleep - access all the time

Charles leadbeater
Information flow

Presence bleed
- House - check email. it's work or personal stuff?

Conclude
labour / smart worker / more and more important work in Laboul

Conclusion - summarize for the chapter
1. Decenterilize
2.hard to separate work n personal
3.work on labor is shape by network. affector by information flow.
work is more flexible.
4.Labour is coming more uncertain - don't knw what happened interm in posted anywahere.
5. location n time less affector -

Online Presence week 3 ( Reading )

Open Cultures and the Nature of Networks -Felix Stalder

Information Ecology

Before i read through the topic,

at first, i will "Google it".. I believe that Google can gain my knowledge.  

New media are not bridges between man and nature: they are nature. Marshall McLuhan, 1969

From my understanding for this sentence the "New Media" are the nature phenomenon, nature and man doesn't not link.  

In information ecology, emphasis on the human activities served by technology not on technology itself.
Sources from : http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/672/582 

 Nowadays, human beings are fully utilize the advance of technology, as we can see, 

 Stalder states that,

Flow - The process to produced information through media : as we can gain and exchange information among peoples.

Nodes- Nodes are built at every gap, intersection with the nodes together from apart away. which to let the people from different places to connect to each other. It's a Process and direct.

For the advance of technology today, we "ourselves" can use the high technology now to connect to the world with the connection, to know about the world without stepping out from the house. The New Technology Make the people apart get closer. Picture taken from : http://www.conversationagent.com/2007/11/what-is-new-med.html

These patterns are the 4 basic dimensions of an information ecology:

• Interdependency
• Change
• Time-boundness
• Differentiation

1.Interdependency 

 

Flow and node work together, there are helping each other.

Information is the relation which arises within the environment,and it is the difference that makes difference (Bateson, 1972).

All nodes are connected to other nodes through communicative processes. Network like a chain connect the nodes. We are sharing knowledge and information through the internet, its support to each other.

I got an example to let me more understand for this topic. =) This is really a good example as "Facebook" is the most popular social networking.

A social network diagram consisting of individuals (or 'nodes') connected by one or more specific types of interdependency Picture taken from :http://news.linktv.org/topics/social-network

A social network is a social structure made up of individuals called nodes, which are tied by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige. Social network analysis views social relationships in terms of network theory consisting of nodes and ties Nodes are the individual actors within the networks, and ties are the relationships between the actors. The resulting graph-based structures are often very complex. A summary of the progress of social networks and social network analysis has been written by Linton Freeman.

2.Change

One significant change generates total change.

The world are changing from time to time, the next second might be different form the last second. What we need to do is to fix to the world with "adoption" , adopt ourselves to the situation.

From the technology today, it always keep updating every second, as fast as we couldn't think of it,the only things to survival in the world is to adapt to the environment and keep updating ourselves.

 

3.Times-boundness

Time is gold! The only thing doesn't change in the world is the world are keep changing every second. I still remember that "today new, tomorrow joke." 

No one know what will happen tomorrow, a person knowledge can decline if a person doesn't get use to it, meanwhile if a person never updated themselves will always been leaf up. We get the information today, might add another meaning for that tomorrow. Peoples are changing, technology are improving. 
The time will never stop for someone, we need to catch up the time.
 

4.Differentiation
When Node A transform to Node B, the information will different, and it will become a new information.

Online Presence week 2 - Reading

The very first reading for Global Networking. I'm personal think that, degree is more toward critical thinking, it's not just about reading and that's it's, we need to applied what we learn in our life.  

Power does not reside in institutions, not even the state or in large corporations. It is located in the networks that structure society.- Manuel Castells

1. What is network society now?

= We might wanted why the network being so advance for the society now? obviously the develpoment technology nowaday played an important roles, the technology including the microelectronics (which is the technology dealing with design, development and construction of electronic system from) and sofeware-based communication technologies (Which is the program used to direct the operation of the computer). Technology doen's mean to the society, of course we know than the techologies have been influence to our life, a very good exaplem , who house don't have computer? I'm sure there will be 9 over 10 of the people owned at lease one computer at house.

We unconsciously live in a network society, that we didn't realize, but ya! it's

The technology growth rapidly as we didn't realize. As we can see the phenomenon nowadays, the computer users are increasing from the young age to older age, for example the famous social networking "Facebook", facebook users are increasing year by year, even my little brother have a facebook account. 

As we can see, there are a lot of  media platform use to for internet. Today, we not use internet just for surf information, it's also a socialize tool for most of the people, which is to communicating among human being around the world. Picture from : http://www.socialnetworkingstatistics.com/

The top 10 Social Networking sites and forum from 2008 - 2010/. From the statistic result, obviously "Facebook" was growth rapidly  in this few years. It's one of the popular  social networking.

why networks matter?

1. Globalization

Network society have expand around the world. According to Geoff Mulgan, he states that "networks

communicate and incommunicate at the same time at the same time."  No matter you want it or not,  imperceptibly we were influenced by the technology, we are all living in the network society. Network society  is about a whole world based, not all the peoples in country are connected to the network society, but all the countries are influenced, shape and the final decision made by the logic, interests and conflicts of this network society, the mass media are influences around the world.

2.Out compete  

"networked organisations outcompete all other forms of organisation, particularly the vertical, rigid, command-and-control bureaucracies."

Network organisations are competitor with all other form of organisation out there. In a business world, companies that outperformed always the loser compare to the flexible partnership. So as a media producer, they are required to updated themselves frequently.

3. Political institutions

''in the daily practice of joint decision-making in a network state made of nation-states, supranational associations, international institutions, local and regional governments, and quasi-public non-governmental organisations."

From what i understand for this point was all the networking system are strongly control by the government, all the right and control by the political institution, it only they have the right to do so.

for example, "youtube" was a tool for the users uploaded and share the video, streaming . But those of the video might including the harmful issues and it's might be negative issue content. therefore, the organization have the right to control the video posting up or even censor the unwanted part.

4. Civil society

"civil society is reconstructed at the local and global level through networks of activists, often organised and debated over the internet, which form and reconfigure depending on issues, on events,

on moods, on cultures."

As we mention the networking are actually surrounding around the world, it's allow the audience to voice out the opinion, actually it a "Freedom of speech" form in a cyber world. Peoples can voice out they feeling and opinion (Blog) or event just sharing the mood and showing off toward other (Facebook) so and forth.

5. Social

“sociability is transformed in the new historical context, with networked individualism emerging as the synthesis between the affirmation of an individual-centred culture, and the need and desire for sharing and co-experiencing.”

In the cyber world, it was the “opening stage” open to everyone who willing to voice out. I want to say the phenomenon now happened in the society, I would like to use Facebook as the example, as we knew that Facebook it had a tag button, I believe every Facebook user did have the experience which was tagged people or was tagged by other people, for the young generation now, the

“Virtual communities and smart mobs, hybrid networks of space and photons (as in the ME++ culture

conceptualised by William Mitchell)”

Today, everyone can be so “ME”, they might not be a confidents people in the real world, but they can be confident toward themselves in the cyberworld. For the e-generation (people who live in the cyber world) now, in facebook world, we will realize there is a like buttion, we started to realize everyone like to sharing and telling the world what they doing, why? Most probably to get attention from other and the other factors was everyone doing the samething, I should follow them, basically it's a “trend” to them. That's why the young generation nowaday were living in thir “Facebook world”, they found the real “themselve” in a space world instead of the reality word.

6. Media Space

"the whole range of social practices, both global and local, communicates in the media space."

the application like "facebook" or "tweeter" allow us to communicating to the people allow the world. Finally it form a "Global village", which mean the networking allow the peoples in the world connecting to the people in other places. Therefore, the peoples can communicated with people in the difference places by using the the same tool, in the same space without face to face communication. 

------------------PS------------------

Lastly, that's all for my understanding from the article and from the discussion from Mr,Faizal =).

I knew my view might not accurate, n i have a big problem for my language. =[ that's why i took a very long period to digest the article. 

Pls do let me know and correct for me. 

I would like u kindly comment, I willing to learn from mistake =)    

"Sharing is Caring" - Peace ^^Y

thank you for reading